Sensitive teeth: what causes them and how to find relief

If you have ever winced at a sip of cold water or felt a sharp sting when biting into something sweet, you are not alone. Tooth sensitivity is one of the most common dental complaints we see at Grange Road Dental, and the good news is that it is usually very manageable once we identify what is going on.

What causes sensitive teeth?

To understand sensitivity, it helps to know a little about tooth structure. Your teeth are protected by an outer layer of enamel, which is the hardest substance in the human body. Beneath the enamel sits a softer layer called dentine, which contains tiny channels (tubules) that lead to the nerve of the tooth. When enamel wears away or gums recede, the dentine becomes exposed, and those tubules allow hot, cold, sweet, or acidic substances to reach the nerve directly. That is what causes the sharp, sudden discomfort.

The most common reasons for this exposure include:

• Gum recession, which exposes the root surface where there is no protective enamel
• Worn or thinning enamel from heavy brushing, grinding, or general wear over time
• Acidic foods and drinks, including soft drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks, store-bought fruit juices, lemon juice in water, and apple cider vinegar
• An acidic oral environment caused by reduced saliva flow, acid reflux, or silent reflux

In each of these situations, the protective surface layer is being gradually stripped away, leaving the sensitive dentine underneath vulnerable.

What does tooth sensitivity feel like?

Sensitivity can present in several ways. You might notice discomfort with cold drinks or food, hot beverages, sweet or sugary items, or even when touching the tooth with your tongue or toothbrush. The sensation is typically a short, sharp sting rather than a lingering ache. If you experience prolonged or throbbing pain, that may indicate a different issue, and we would recommend booking a dental check-up sooner rather than later.

Practical steps you can take at home

There are several things you can do right away to help reduce sensitivity:

Use a sensitive toothpaste. These products work by gradually plugging and sealing the exposed dentine tubules, creating a barrier against triggers. For best results, try this approach for a couple of weeks:

1. Brush your teeth thoroughly with the sensitive toothpaste
2. Spit out the excess but do not rinse your mouth
3. Apply a small amount of the toothpaste directly to the sensitive areas using a clean finger
4. Gently rub it in for about 20 seconds, then leave it in place without rinsing

This extra application step allows the active ingredients to sit on the tooth surface for longer, giving them more time to block those exposed tubules.

Avoid whitening toothpastes while managing sensitivity. Many whitening formulas contain micro-abrasive particles designed to polish stains away. Unfortunately, these same particles can further wear down already compromised enamel and make sensitivity worse.

Consider a remineralising product. Calcium-based remineralising creams and pastes can help strengthen the tooth surface, reduce sensitivity, and support enamel health. Your dentist or hygienist can recommend a suitable option for your situation.

Watch your diet. Reducing your intake of acidic drinks is one of the simplest ways to protect your enamel. If you do enjoy acidic beverages, try drinking them through a straw and avoid brushing your teeth for at least 30 minutes afterwards, as the enamel is temporarily softened by the acid.

When to see your dentist

While home care can make a real difference, it is important to have a dentist assess the underlying cause of your sensitivity. At Grange Road Dental, we can determine whether the issue is related to gum recession, enamel wear, acid erosion, or something else entirely. Understanding the root cause helps us prevent the problem from recurring.

For areas of significant sensitivity, professional treatments are available. Dental sealants or fillings can provide a more permanent seal over exposed dentine, offering lasting protection where toothpaste alone may not be enough. Regular professional cleans and preventive care also play an important role in keeping your teeth and gums healthy.

Do not put up with the discomfort

Tooth sensitivity is common, but that does not mean you need to live with it. With the right combination of home care and professional guidance, most patients notice a significant improvement. If sensitive teeth are affecting your daily life, our team is here to help. Give us a call on (07) 3281 6666 or book an appointment online so we can get to the bottom of it together.